佛隨念、慈心、不淨、死隨念(佛隨念、慈心禪、不淨觀、死隨念: buddhānussati, metta, asubha, maraṇānussati.)是四種禪修業處,僧人不應忽略它們的重要性。總體來說,每天修習這四種業處一兩次,會提升信心,生起對輪迴的厭離,提升禪修的動力。這四種修習對於僧人也是一種保護,因此,他們又被稱作“四護衛禪”。為了便於省思這四種業處,早期的導師們編寫了一系列偈頌,可輔助修習“四護衛禪”。斯里蘭卡的僧眾很早就學會了這些偈頌用於修習四護衛禪。這些偈頌適合用做基礎禪修,念誦者應掌握偈頌大意,才會獲得真實助益。其含義如下:
一、修習佛隨念
“Savāsane kilese so, eko sabbe nighātiya; Ahu susuddhasantāno, pūjānañca sadāraho.”
“(圓滿的佛陀)獨自破除一切,煩惱並習氣,成為善清淨相續者,值得時常敬奉者。”
“Sabbakālagate dhamme, sabbe sammā sayaṃ muni; Sabbākārena bujjhitvā, eko sabbaññutaṃ gato.”
“牟尼獨自透過一切行相完全地覺悟了一切時之法;成為獨一的一切知者。”
“Vipassanādi vijjāhi, sīlādi caraṇehi ca; Susamiddhehi sampanno, gagan ābhehi nāyako.”
“成功地具足了觀(智)等明和戒等諸行;圓滿的佛陀(如)天空(般廣闊)。”
“Sammāgato subhaṃ ṭhānaṃ, amoghavacano ca so; Tividhassā pi lokassa, ñātā niravasesato.”
“他正確地到達清淨處(涅槃),不說空洞的語言;對三種世間了知無餘。”
“Anekehi guṇoghehi, sabbasattuttamo ahu; Anekehi upāyehi, naradamme damesi ca.”
“他通過多種功德聚,成為一切有情最上者;能以許多種方法,調御應調御之人。”
“Eko sabbassa lokassa, sabba satthānusāsako; Bhāgya issariyādīnaṃ guṇānaṃ paramo nidhῑ.”
“獨自於一切世間,是一切有情的教授者;是祥瑞、自在等功德的至上寶藏。”
“Paññāssa sabbadhammesu karuṇā sabbajantusu; Attatthānaṃ paratthānaṃ sādhikā guṇajeṭṭhikā.”
“對一切法之慧,對一切有情之悲;是自利與利他者,超勝功德的最勝者。”
“Dayāya pāramī citvā paññāyattānamuddharī; Uddharī sabbadhāmme ca dāyāyaññe ca uddharī.”
“以悲憫積累巴拉密,通過智慧提升自己,提升於一切法之上,以悲憫拉拔他人。”
“Dissamāno pi tāvassa rūpakāyo acintiyo; Asādhāraṇṇa ñānaḍḍhe,dhammakāye kathā vakā.”
“即使其可見的色身也不可思議,對於不共之智的法身,又怎能說得清呢?”
以上為偈頌簡述,修習此業處的行者應參閱其他書籍或請教導師詢問其含義。只有瞭解其含義,念誦上述偈頌才會提升信心。
二、修習慈心
“Sukhī bhaveyyaṃ niddukkho, ahaṃ niccaṃ ahaṃ viya; Hitā ca me sukhī hontu, majjhattātha ca verino.”
“願我無苦、常快樂!像我一樣,願利樂我者、中等者和怨敵皆快樂!”
“Imamhi gāmakkhettamhi, sattā hontu sukhī sadā; Tato parañca rajjesu, cakkavāḷesu jantuno.”
“願此村莊田園,諸有情常快樂!乃至其他國家,輪圍界的人民。”
“Samantā cakkavāḷesu, sattānantesu pānino; Sukhino puggalā būhtā, attabhāvagatā siyuṃ”
“願整個輪圍界,有情、有息者、個體、生類,和獲得自體者皆快樂!”
“Tathā itthi pumā ceva, ariyā anariyā pi ca; Devā narā apāyaṭṭhā, tathā dasadisāsu cā.”
“如此對女性及男性,聖者和非聖者;諸天、人類、墮苦趣者,同樣也對十方(的眾生)。”
三、修習不淨
“Vaṇṇasaṇṭhānagandhehi, āsay’okāsato tathā; Paṭikkūlāni kāye me, kuṇapāni dvīsoḷasa.”
“這樣的顏色、形狀、氣味,所依處和外觀,我身體三十二個(部分),厭惡(如同)死屍。”
“Patitamhāpi kuṇapā, jegucchaṃ kāyanissitaṃ; Ādhāro hi’sucῑ tassa, kāye tu kuṇape ṭhītaḷṃ.”
“(如同)從死屍上所掉落的,依於身體的(部分)很厭惡;它的容器確實不淨,位於此如屍之身中。”
“Mīḷhe kimiva kāyo’yaṃ, asucimhi samuṭṭhito; Anto asucisampuṇṇo, puṇṇa vaccakuṭī viya.”
“猶如糞便中的蛆蟲,此身也依不淨而生;裡面充滿了不淨,如溢滿了茅廁。”
“Asucisandate niccaṃ, yathā medakathālikā; Nānākimikulā vāso, pakkacandanikā viya.”
“經常流出不淨,如同壺中(溢出)之油;各種蟲蛆的住所,就像污水池一樣。”
“Gaṇḍabhūto rogabhūto, vaṇabhūto samussa yo; Atekicchoti jeguccho, pabhinna kuṇapūpamo.”
“如瘡、如疾病、如傷口的身體;無可救藥、厭惡,就像朽壞的屍體。”
四、修習死隨念
“Mahāsampattisampattā, yathā sattā matā idha; Tathā ahaṃ marissāmi, maraṇaṃ mama hessatī.”
“在此,就像獲得大成就的有情也已死亡,我也一樣將會死,我的死亡(必定)將到來。”
“Uppattiyā sahe vedaṃ, maraṇaṃ āgataṃ sadā; Maraṇatthāya okāsaṃ, vadhako viya esati.”
“和誕生伴隨在一起,死亡總是會到來;就像尋找機會殺人的殺手一樣。”
“Īsakaṃ anivattaṃ taṃ, satataṃ gamanussukaṃ; Jīvitaṃ udayā atthaṃ, suriyo viya dhāvati.”
“生命慢慢地,不會倒退,熱切地繼續前進;它生起又死歿,猶如太陽般奔走(升沉)。”
“Vijjububbula ussāva, jalarājῑ parikkhayaṃ; Ghātakovaripū tassa, sabattā’pi avāriyo.
“(猶如)閃電、泡沫、露珠、滴水般滅盡;如殺戮者找其敵手,一切處都無法避免(死亡)。
“Suyasatthāma puññiddhῑ, buddhi vuddha jinadṃ cyaṃ; Ghātesi maraṇaṃ khippaṃ, kātu mādisake kathā?”
“(即使)這位有好名聲、勢力、福德、神通和大覺慧的勝者(佛陀),也很快地被死亡所殺戮,像我這樣者又能說什麼呢?”
“Paccayānañca vekalyā, bāhirajjhattupaddavā; Marāmoraṃ nimesāpi, maramāno anukkhaṇaṃ.”
“當諸緣欠缺時,(由於)內外的災禍;死亡比眨眼還快,死亡可在刹那間。”(譯文引自瑪欣德尊者《上座部佛教念誦集》V1.3)
死隨念的修習也很深奧,故應在導師具體指導下修習;至少也應查閱禪修書籍以便學習修法細節。
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