(摘錄自瑪欣德尊者2010.09.23關於藥食的開示
在《Vinayapiṭake‧Mahākhandha
什麼是稱為『見疑』呢?佛陀說:「諸比庫,若見到人們拿
對於『聞疑』呢就是並沒有看見,但卻因為聽說而起疑。對
除了三淨肉,比庫也禁止食用十種肉;這十種肉分別是人肉
在律藏的大品,第280節168.
Manussamaṃsapaṭikkhepakath
(巴利原文讀譯) Atha kho bhagavā rājagahe yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena bārāṇasī tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena bārāṇasī tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā bārāṇasiyaṃ viharati isipatane migadāye. Tena kho pana samayena bārāṇasiyaṃ suppiyo ca upāsako suppiyā ca upāsikā ubhatopasannā honti, dāyakā, kārakā, saṅghupaṭṭhākā. Atha kho suppiyā upāsikā ārāmaṃ gantvā vihārena vihāraṃ pariveṇena pariveṇaṃ upasaṅkamitvā bhikkhū pucchati – ‘‘ko, bhante, gilāno, kassa kiṃ āhariyatū’’ti? Tena kho pana samayena aññatarena bhikkhunā virecanaṃ pītaṃ hoti. Atha kho so bhikkhu suppiyaṃ upāsikaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mayā kho, bhagini, virecanaṃ pītaṃ. Attho me paṭicchādanīyenā’’ti. ‘‘Suṭṭhu, ayya, āhariyissatī’’ti gharaṃ gantvā antevāsiṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘gaccha, bhaṇe, pavattamaṃsaṃ jānāhī’’ti. Evaṃ, ayyeti kho so puriso suppiyāya upāsikāya paṭissuṇitvā kevalakappaṃ bārāṇasiṃ āhiṇḍanto na addasa pavattamaṃsaṃ. Atha kho so puriso yena suppiyā upāsikā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā suppiyaṃ upāsikaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘natthayye pavattamaṃsaṃ. Māghāto ajjā’’ti. Atha kho suppiyāya upāsikāya etadahosi – ‘‘tassa kho gilānassa bhikkhuno paṭicchādanīyaṃ alabhantassa ābādho vā abhivaḍḍhissati, kālaṅkiriyā vā bhavissati. Na kho metaṃ patirūpaṃ yāhaṃ paṭissuṇitvā na harāpeyya’’nti. Potthanikaṃ gahetvā ūrumaṃsaṃ ukkantitvā dāsiyā adāsi – ‘‘handa, je, imaṃ maṃsaṃ sampādetvā amukasmiṃ vihāre bhikkhu gilāno, tassa dajjāhi. Yo ca maṃ pucchati, ‘gilānā’ti paṭivedehī’’ti. Uttarāsaṅgena ūruṃ veṭhetvā ovarakaṃ pavisitvā mañcake nipajji. Atha kho suppiyo upāsako gharaṃ gantvā dāsiṃ pucchi – ‘‘kahaṃ suppiyā’’ti? ‘‘Esāyya ovarake nipannā’’ti. Atha kho suppiyo upāsako yena suppiyā upāsikā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā suppiyaṃ upāsikaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kissa nipannāsī’’ti? ‘‘Gilānāmhī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ te ābādho’’ti? Atha kho suppiyā upāsikā suppiyassa upāsakassa etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Atha kho suppiyo upāsako – acchariyaṃ vata bho! Abbhutaṃ vata bho! Yāva saddhāyaṃ suppiyā pasannā, yatra hi nāma attanopi maṃsāni pariccattāni! Kimpimāya [kiṃ panimāya (sī. syā.)] aññaṃ kiñci adeyyaṃ bhavissatīti – haṭṭho udaggo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho suppiyo upāsako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā svātanāya bhattaṃ, saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho suppiyo upāsako bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho suppiyo upāsako tassā rattiyā accayena paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi – ‘‘kālo, bhante, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena suppiyassa upāsakassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena . Atha kho suppiyo upāsako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ kho suppiyaṃ upāsakaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kahaṃ suppiyā’’ti? ‘‘Gilānā bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi āgacchatū’’ti. ‘‘Na bhagavā ussahatī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi pariggahetvāpi ānethā’’ti. Atha kho suppiyo upāsako suppiyaṃ upāsikaṃ pariggahetvā ānesi. Tassā, saha dassanena bhagavato, tāva mahāvaṇo ruḷaho ahosi, succhavilomajāto. Atha kho suppiyo ca upāsako suppiyā ca upāsikā – ‘‘acchariyaṃ vata bho! Abbhutaṃ vata bho! Tathāgatassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā, yatra hi nāma saha dassanena bhagavato tāva mahāvaṇo ruḷaho bhavissati, succhavilomajāto’’ti – haṭṭhā udaggā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappetvā sampavāretvā bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Atha kho bhagavā suppiyañca upāsakaṃ suppiyañca upāsikaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū
Paṭipucchi – ‘‘ko, bhikkhave, suppiyaṃ upāsikaṃ maṃsaṃ viññāpesī’’ti? Evaṃ vutte so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ahaṃ kho, bhante, suppiyaṃ upāsikaṃ maṃsaṃ viññāpesi’’nti. ‘‘Āhariyittha bhikkhū’’ti? ‘‘Āhariyittha bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Paribhuñji tvaṃ bhikkhū’’ti? ‘‘Paribhuñjāmahaṃ bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Paṭivekkhi tvaṃ bhikkhū’’ti? ‘‘Nāhaṃ bhagavā paṭivekkhi’’nti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, appaṭivekkhitvā maṃsaṃ paribhuñjissasi. Manussamaṃsaṃ kho tayā, moghapurisa, paribhuttaṃ. Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘santi, bhikkhave, manussā saddhā pasannā, tehi attanopi maṃsāni pariccattāni. Na, bhikkhave, manussamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Yo paribhuñjeyya, āpatti thullaccayassa. Na ca, bhikkhave, appaṭivekkhitvā maṃsaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Yo paribhuñjeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti.
Manussamaṃsapaṭikkhepakath
當時,世尊在王舍城隨意住了之後,向巴拉納西城出發遊行
從這一段律文裡面,可以看得出來蘇比亞近事男和蘇比亞近
(巴利原文讀譯)當時蘇比亞近事男來到世尊之處,來到後
於是世尊以此因緣、以此機會,召集比庫僧眾問:「‘‘k
因此佛陀在這裡說到的不能吃人肉,這裡的人肉也包括了骨
◎註:
如果比庫違犯了此227條學處,將依不同的違犯程度而構
一、巴拉基咖(pārājika);
二、桑喀地謝沙(sanghādisesa);
三、土喇吒亞(thullaccaya,偷蘭遮,粗重罪
四、巴吉帝亞(pācittiya);
五、悔過(Pātidesanīya);
六、惡作(dukkaṭa,突吉羅),即不好的行為;
七、惡說(dubbhāsita,不好的言語) 。
佛陀禁止的吃人肉之外呢,還禁止了其他九種動物的肉。這
(巴利原文讀譯) Tena kho pana samayena rañño hatthī maranti . Manussā dubbhikkhe hatthimaṃsaṃ paribhuñjanti , bhikkhūnaṃ piṇḍāya carantānaṃ hatthimaṃsaṃ denti. Bhikkhū hatthimaṃsaṃ paribhuñjanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā hatthimaṃsaṃ paribhuñjissanti. Rājaṅgaṃ hatthī, sace rājā jāneyya, na nesaṃ attamano assā’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, hatthimaṃsaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Yo paribhuñjeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti. 那個時候,國王的象死了。那個時候是饑饉,人們在饑饉時
(巴利原文讀譯) Tena kho pana samayena rañño assā maranti. Manussā dubbhikkhe assamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjanti, bhikkhūnaṃ piṇḍāya carantānaṃ assamaṃsaṃ denti. Bhikkhū assamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā assamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjissanti. Rājaṅgaṃ assā, sace rājā jāneyya, na nesaṃ attamano assā’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, assamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Yo paribhuñjeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti. 那個時候,國王的馬死了。人們在饑饉時吃馬肉,把馬肉布
(巴利原文讀譯) Tena kho pana samayena manussā dubbhikkhe sunakhamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjanti, bhikkhūnaṃ piṇḍāya carantānaṃ sunakhamaṃsaṃ denti. Bhikkhū sunakhamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā sunakhamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjissanti, jeguccho sunakho paṭikūlo’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, sunakhamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Yo paribhuñjeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti. 那個時候,人們在饑饉時吃狗肉,把狗肉布施給托缽行乞的
(巴利原文讀譯) Tena kho pana samayena manussā dubbhikkhe ahimaṃsaṃ paribhuñjanti, bhikkhūnaṃ piṇḍāya carantānaṃ ahimaṃsaṃ denti. Bhikkhū ahimaṃsaṃ paribhuñjanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā ahimaṃsaṃ paribhuñjissanti, jeguccho ahi paṭikūlo’’ti. Supassopi [suphasso (sī.)] nāgarājā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho supasso nāgarājā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘santi, bhante, nāgā assaddhā appasannā. Te appamattakehipi bhikkhū viheṭheyyuṃ. Sādhu, bhante, ayyā ahimaṃsaṃ na paribhuñjeyyu’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā supassaṃ nāgarājānaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi…pe… padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘na, bhikkhave, ahimaṃsaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Yo paribhuñjeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti. 那個時候,人們在饑饉時吃蛇肉,把蛇肉布施給托缽行乞的
那這四種肉呢,就是比較有可能吃到的。下面還有五種,是
(巴利原文讀譯) Tena kho pana samayena luddakā sīhaṃ hantvā sīhamaṃsaṃ [maṃsaṃ (ka.)] paribhuñjanti, bhikkhūnaṃ piṇḍāya carantānaṃ sīhamaṃsaṃ denti. Bhikkhū sīhamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjitvā araññe viharanti. Sīhā sīhamaṃsagandhena bhikkhū paripātenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, sīhamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Yo paribhuñjeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti. 那個時候,獵人獵殺獅子後,吃獅子肉,把獅子肉布施給托
(巴利原文讀譯) Tena kho pana samayena luddakā byagghaṃ hantvā…pe… dīpiṃ hantvā…pe… acchaṃ hantvā…pe… taracchaṃ hantvā taracchamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjanti, bhikkhūnaṃ piṇḍāya carantānaṃ taracchamaṃsaṃ denti. Bhikkhū taracchamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjitvā araññe viharanti. Taracchā taracchamaṃsagandhena bhikkhū paripātenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, taracchamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Yo paribhuñjeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti. 那個時候,獵人獵殺老虎、獵殺豹、獵殺熊、獵殺鬣狗後,
所以這十種肉,包括骨啊!皮啊!血啊!毛啊!一切都不適
但不僅是這些,有時候這十種肉的某一種也會做成藥,這個
現在一般最常吃到的是牛肉、豬肉、雞肉、魚肉,或有些蝦
佛陀允許僧人時用這三種清淨的魚肉,我們在律藏裡面也可
因此我們就知道,佛陀在世的時候,佛陀和比庫們托缽,他
(未經由尊者審稿同意,弟子 Alatar 依開示錄音打字。)
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